kekhasan atom karbon

 Specificity of the carbon atom

1. The carbon atom has the atomic number 6, with four valence electrons. The four valence electrons form an electron pair together with other atoms to form a covalent bond. These four valence electrons can be described as bonding hands.

peculiarity of the carbon atom - the Lewis structure of the carbon atom

2. The four hand bonds that carbon atoms have can form a chain of various shapes and possibilities. Each possibility produces one type of compound. The more possibilities, the more types of compounds a carbon atom can form.

Several possible carbon chains that are formed can be grouped based on:

carbon chain

Number of ties

A single bond, namely the bond between carbon atoms with one-handed bonding (a pair of bonding electrons).

peculiarities of the carbon atom

A double bond, that is, there is a bond between carbon atoms with two bonding hands (two pairs of bonding electrons).

Triple bonds (triple triple), namely bonds between carbon atoms with three bonding hands (three pairs of bonding electrons).

peculiarities of the carbon atom

 

peculiarities of the carbon atom

Chain form

1. Open chain (aliphatic), which is a chain where the ends of the carbon atoms are not interconnected. Chains of this type are branched and some are not branched.

 

peculiarities of the carbon atom

2. Closed chain (cyclic), which is a chain where the ends of the carbon chains meet. There are two kinds of cyclic chains, namely cyclic and aromatic chains.

peculiarities of the carbon atom

Also Read: Understanding Alkane Basics

Position of carbon atoms in the carbon chain

Based on the number of other carbon atoms bonded, there are four possible positions for the C atom in the carbon chain, namely:

Primary carbon atom

Secondary carbon atom

Tertiary carbon atom

Quaternary carbon atom

peculiarities of the carbon atom

The C1 atom only binds 1 other C atom, the C1 atom is called the primary carbon atom. The C2 atom binds to 2 other C atoms, the C2 atom is called the secondary carbon atom. C3 atom binds 3 other C atoms, C3 atom is called tertiary carbon atom, C4 atom binds 4 other C atoms, C4 atom is called quaternary carbon atom.

Primary carbon atoms, namely carbon chains that only bind directly to one carbon atom to another.

Secondary carbon atoms, namely carbon atoms that bind directly to two other carbon atoms.

Tertiary carbon atom, which is a carbon atom that binds directly to three other carbon atoms.

Quaternary carbon atoms, namely carbon atoms that bind directly to four other carbon atoms.

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